Breaking the Quantum Barrier: Why We Need More Women in Quantum Computing

Introduction

Quantum computing is poised to revolutionize the world as we know it. Unlike classical computing, which relies on bits represented as 0s or 1s, quantum computing leverages the principles of quantum mechanics—such as superposition, entanglement, and interference—to process information using quantum bits, or "qubits." This allows quantum computers to tackle problems that are currently intractable for even the most powerful supercomputers, from simulating complex molecular structures for drug discovery to optimizing vast logistical systems and cracking cryptographic codes that underpin modern security. It’s a game-changer not just for technology, but for science, medicine, economics, and beyond.

Yet, as this transformative field races forward, one glaring issue persists: the stark underrepresentation of women. Despite the promise of quantum computing, women make up only a fraction of the researchers, engineers, and innovators driving its development. Studies consistently show that women account for less than 20% of the STEM workforce globally, with even smaller numbers in cutting-edge fields like quantum computing. For instance, a 2021 report from the National Science Foundation highlighted that women earned just 19% of doctoral degrees in physics—a key feeder discipline for quantum research—in the United States. This gender gap isn’t just a statistic; it’s a barrier to progress. Diverse teams bring diverse perspectives, and in a field as complex and interdisciplinary as quantum computing, excluding half the population risks stifling innovation at a time when we need it most.

So why are women missing from quantum computing, and what can we do about it? Let’s dive into the challenges, celebrate the women who are breaking through, and explore the pathways to a more inclusive quantum future.

Why Are Women Missing in Quantum Computing?

The scarcity of women in quantum computing isn’t a mystery—it’s the result of systemic, interconnected barriers that begin early and persist throughout their careers. Here’s a closer look at the key culprits:

Complex Educational Barriers (STEM Pipeline Issues)

The journey to a career in quantum computing often starts with a strong foundation in STEM—science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. But for women, that pipeline is riddled with leaks. From a young age, girls face societal stereotypes that cast STEM as a "male domain." Studies show that by middle school, girls are less likely to be encouraged to pursue math and science, even when they perform just as well as their male peers. This discouragement compounds over time: fewer girls take advanced math and physics courses in high school, and even fewer major in these subjects in college.

For quantum computing specifically, the educational hurdles are even steeper. The field demands expertise in quantum mechanics, linear algebra, and computer science—subjects that require years of rigorous study, often at the graduate level. Women who do enter these programs frequently encounter hostile environments, from subtle biases (like being overlooked in group projects) to overt discrimination. A 2019 survey by the American Physical Society found that 40% of women in physics reported experiencing gender-based harassment during their education. These experiences can push talented women out of the STEM pipeline long before they even hear the word "qubit."

Lack of Visibility and Role Models

Representation matters. When young women look at the quantum computing landscape, they rarely see faces like theirs. The field’s most prominent figures—think John Preskill, Peter Shor, or Chris Monroe—are overwhelmingly male. This lack of visibility sends a subtle but powerful message: quantum computing isn’t a place for women. Without role models to emulate, it’s harder for women to envision themselves succeeding in the field.

This visibility gap extends beyond academia into industry and media. Conferences and panels often feature all-male lineups, and popular science outlets tend to spotlight male pioneers. The absence of women in these spaces perpetuates a cycle: fewer women enter the field, so fewer rise to prominence, so fewer are seen as leaders. It’s a self-reinforcing problem that keeps quantum computing a boys’ club by default.

Funding Challenges for Female-Led Quantum Startups

Even when women overcome educational barriers and establish themselves as quantum experts, they face another hurdle: funding. Quantum computing is a capital-intensive field, requiring significant investment in hardware, software, and talent. Yet female-led startups consistently receive less venture capital than their male counterparts. A 2022 analysis by PitchBook found that women-founded tech companies received just 2% of total VC funding in the U.S.—a dismal figure that likely shrinks further in a niche like quantum computing.

For female quantum entrepreneurs, this funding gap is a double blow. Not only do they need resources to compete with well-funded giants like IBM and Google, but they also face biases from investors who may doubt their technical expertise or leadership ability. Without capital, promising female-led quantum startups struggle to scale, leaving the field dominated by male voices and perspectives.

Women Who Are Changing the Game

Despite these challenges, a handful of extraordinary women are shattering the quantum ceiling and paving the way for others. Here are three pioneers whose work is transforming the field:

Michelle Simmons

Michelle Simmons is a titan in quantum computing. A British-born Australian, she’s a Scientia Professor of Quantum Physics at the University of New South Wales and the founder of Silicon Quantum Computing (SQC), a startup aiming to build the world’s first silicon-based quantum computer. Simmons’ groundbreaking work focuses on atomic precision manufacturing—essentially building quantum processors atom by atom. Her approach could unlock scalable, practical quantum computers faster than traditional methods.

Simmons’ accolades speak for themselves: she was named Australian of the Year in 2018, a rare honor for a scientist, and has received numerous awards for her contributions to quantum information science. Beyond her technical achievements, she’s a vocal advocate for women in STEM, often sharing how she overcame underestimation as a female scientist to lead a male-dominated field. Her leadership at SQC, backed by over $80 million in initial funding, proves that women can not only participate in quantum computing but drive its future.

Shohini Ghose

Shohini Ghose, an Indian-born quantum physicist, is a professor at Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada and the Chief Technology Officer of the Quantum Algorithms Institute. Her research explores the quirks of quantum mechanics—like entanglement and chaos—with an eye toward practical quantum computing applications. But Ghose’s impact goes far beyond the lab. As a TED Fellow and Senior Fellow, she’s brought quantum concepts to millions through engaging talks, demystifying the field for a global audience.

Ghose is also a fierce advocate for equity in science. In 2013, she founded the Centre for Women in Science (WinS) at Laurier, which tackles systemic barriers through research, mentorship, and outreach. As the first person of color to serve as president of the Canadian Association of Physicists, she’s used her platform to push for diversity, emphasizing that a more inclusive field is a stronger one. For Ghose, quantum computing isn’t just about solving equations—it’s about building a community where everyone has a seat at the table.

Ana Belén Sainz

Ana Belén Sainz, a theoretical physicist from Argentina, is making waves in quantum foundations and quantum information theory. Based at the University of Gdańsk in Poland, her work probes the fundamental limits of quantum mechanics, asking questions like: What makes quantum systems unique? How can we harness their weirdness for computation? Her research is laying the theoretical groundwork for future quantum technologies.

Sainz is also a mentor and advocate, inspiring young women through her teaching and public engagement. While less publicized than Simmons or Ghose, her contributions highlight the diversity of roles women can play in quantum computing—from hands-on engineering to abstract theory. Together, these pioneers show that women aren’t just participants in the quantum revolution; they’re leaders shaping its trajectory.

How to Get More Women into Quantum Computing

The good news? The gender gap in quantum computing isn’t inevitable. Around the world, initiatives are emerging to dismantle barriers and bring more women into the fold. Here’s how we can accelerate that progress:

Programs and Scholarships

Targeted programs and scholarships can level the playing field by supporting women at every stage of their quantum journey. For example, the Quantum Systems Accelerator’s QCaMP, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, introduces high school students from underrepresented communities—including girls—to quantum science through hands-on summer camps. By sparking interest early, such programs build a pipeline of future talent.

At the university level, scholarships like those offered by OneQuantum’s Women in Quantum initiative help women attend conferences and workshops, connecting them with opportunities they might otherwise miss. These financial boosts ease the burden of costly STEM education and signal to women that their presence in quantum computing is valued.

Mentorship Initiatives

Mentorship is a game-changer for women in STEM. Senior scientists—male and female—can provide guidance, encouragement, and networks that help women navigate the field’s challenges. Organizations like Girls in Quantum, founded by young women passionate about the field, pair students with mentors who offer technical advice and career insights. Similarly, the European Quantum Industry Consortium’s education working group, led by women like Araceli Venegas-Gomez, fosters mentorship to bridge the skills gap.

Mentorship doesn’t just benefit mentees—it transforms the field. A 2023 study trending on X suggested that mentorship from senior figures was one of the most effective ways to promote gender equality in tech, outpacing other interventions. When women see someone who’s walked the path before them, they’re more likely to stay the course.

Visibility and Advocacy

Finally, we need to amplify women’s voices in quantum computing. Conferences should prioritize diverse speakers, media should highlight female pioneers, and companies should showcase their women leaders. Initiatives like Quantum Women, a platform dedicated to recognizing female quantum scientists, are a step in the right direction, celebrating achievements and inspiring the next generation.

Advocacy also means tackling systemic issues head-on. Policies that address harassment, fund female-led research, and promote work-life balance can make quantum computing a more welcoming field. Leaders like Ghose, with her national chair for women in science, are pushing for these changes, proving that inclusion isn’t just a feel-good goal—it’s a strategic imperative.

Conclusion

Quantum computing holds the promise of solving some of humanity’s biggest challenges, but it won’t reach its full potential without the full spectrum of human talent. Women bring unique perspectives, creativity, and resilience to the table—qualities that are essential for a field still in its infancy. The barriers keeping women out of quantum computing are real, but they’re not insurmountable. Through education, mentorship, and advocacy, we can break the quantum barrier and build a field that reflects the diversity of the world it aims to transform.

Pioneers like Michelle Simmons, Shohini Ghose, and Ana Belén Sainz are lighting the way, showing that women don’t just belong in quantum computing—they can lead it. Now it’s up to us—researchers, educators, policymakers, and enthusiasts—to ensure that the quantum future isn’t just powerful, but equitable. Let’s make room for everyone at the quantum frontier. The universe, after all, doesn’t discriminate—why should we?